Some of the more common birth defects that have been linked to trimethoprim are: Spina Bifida — a condition where the neural tube does not close properly and the spinal cord is on the outside of the body that could lead to permanent nerve damage or paralysis in the lower extremities or legs. Anencephaly — a condition where the neural tube does not close to form the brain and spinal cord that results in the absence of certain parts of the skull, brain and scalp.
A baby with anencephaly will either be stillborn or not survive long after birth. Cleft Lip or Cleft Palate — a condition where there is an opening in the roof of the mouth and incomplete formation of the upper lip.
Polydactyly — a condition where there is more than 5 fingers or toes on each foot or hand. Hypospadias — a condition where there is a defect in the urethra and the opening is on the bottom of the penis. Heart Defects Short bones or limbs Urinary tract defects or malformations Trimethoprim should also be avoided if a mother is breast feeding because it is excreted in the breast milk.
If you stop your treatment early, your problem could come back. How to take it Swallow trimethoprim tablets whole with a drink of water. How long to take it for The length of time you'll need to take trimethoprim for depends on how bad and where your infection is, your age, whether you're male or female, and whether you have any other health problems.
Women with straightforward UTIs usually take a 3-day course of treatment. Men and pregnant women with straightforward UTIs usually take a day course of treatment. People with particularly severe or complicated UTIs, or a catheter, usually take a day course of treatment. A treatment course for 4 to 6 weeks could be needed if the UTI causes swelling of the prostate gland in men prostatitis.
Treatment may continue for at least 6 months for preventing UTIs or as a treatment for acne. What if I forget to take it? What if I take too much?
Talk to your doctor or pharmacist if you: are worried or get severe side effects have taken more than 1 extra dose. Common side effects The most common side effects with trimethoprim are itching or a mild rash.
Other side effects of trimethoprim are: feeling sick diarrhoea headaches Talk to your doctor or pharmacist if the side effects bother you or don't go away. Serious side effects Serious side effects are rare and happen in less than 1 in 1, people. Call a doctor straight away if you have: muscle weakness, an abnormal heartbeat, chest pains, or are feeling or being sick vomiting - these can be signs of high potassium in your blood serious skin reactions or rashes, including irregular, round red patches, peeling, blisters, skin ulcers, or swelling of the skin that looks like burns headaches, fever, stiff neck, tiredness, feel ill, and your eyes become very sensitive to bright light - these can be signs of meningitis diarrhoea possibly with stomach cramps that contains blood or mucus - if you have severe diarrhoea that lasts longer than 4 days, you should also speak to a doctor bruising or bleeding you can't explain including nosebleeds , a sore throat, mouth ulcers, a high temperature, or you feel tired or generally unwell - these can be signs of a problem with your blood.
Serious allergic reaction In rare cases, it's possible to have a serious allergic reaction to trimethoprim. These aren't all the side effects of trimethoprim. For a full list, see the leaflet inside your medicine packet. Information: You can report any suspected side effect using the Yellow Card safety scheme. Visit Yellow Card for further information. What to do about: itching or a mild rash - it may help to take an antihistamine, which you can buy from a pharmacy.
Check with the pharmacist to see what type is suitable for you. It may also help if you avoid rich or spicy food while you're taking this medicine. Signs of dehydration include peeing less than usual or having dark, strong-smelling pee.
Do not take any other medicines to treat diarrhoea without speaking to a pharmacist or doctor. Do not drink too much alcohol. Everyday painkillers, such as paracetamol and ibuprofen , are safe to take with trimethoprim. Trimethoprim and breastfeeding You can breastfeed while taking trimethoprim. Talk to your pharmacist or doctor if you're worried. Non-urgent advice: Tell your doctor if you're:. There are many medicines that don't mix well with trimethoprim. Tell your doctor if you're taking these medicines before starting trimethoprim: an antibiotic called rifampicin a blood thinner, such as warfarin digoxin a heart medicine phenytoin an epilepsy medicine diabetes medicines called replaglinide and pioglitazone Typhoid vaccine given by mouth may not work properly if you're taking trimethoprim.
Mixing trimethoprim with herbal remedies and supplements There are no known problems with taking herbal remedies and supplements with trimethoprim. Important: Medicine safety Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you're taking any other medicines, including herbal medicines, vitamins or supplements. How does trimethoprim work?
When will I feel better? You should feel better within a few days. What if I don't get better? Will it give me thrush? Ask your pharmacist or doctor for advice if this happens to you. Can I drive or ride a bike? Trimethoprim shouldn't affect you being able to drive or cycle. Will it reduce my fertility? Will it stop my contraception working? Don't have an account? Register to use all the features of this website, including selecting clinical areas of interest, taking part in quizzes and much more.
This item is 10 years and 7 months old; some content may no longer be current. Urinary tract infections UTIs occur commonly during pregnancy. UTIs are managed more aggressively in pregnant women than in non-pregnant women. Urine samples should be sent for culture and empiric treatment given while awaiting results. Nitrofurantoin, trimethoprim or cephalexin are appropriate antibiotic choices although restrictions apply depending on the stage of pregnancy.
Quinolones, e. UTIs include acute cystitis, pyelonephritis and asymptomatic bacteriuria positive urine culture in an asymptomatic woman. Many factors may contribute to the development of UTIs during pregnancy. One important factor is ureteral dilatation, thought to occur due to hormonal effects and mechanical compression from the growing uterus.
Ureteral dilation can cause bacteria to spread from the bladder to the kidneys, increasing the risk of pyelonephritis. Women with acute cystitis commonly present with symptoms of dysuria, urgency and frequency, without evidence of systemic illness. However, these symptoms can be reported by pregnant women without acute cystitis. Antibiotic choice should cover common pathogens and can be changed if required after the organism is identified and sensitivities are determined.
The following are appropriate choices in order of preference :. Amoxicillin is not suitable as an empiric therapy for acute cystitis but can be used if urine culture shows susceptibility. A seven day treatment period is required to ensure eradication.
Studies in non-pregnant women with acute cystitis show that treatment with antibiotics for three days is as effective as longer courses e. Paracetamol can be used to relieve pain associated with acute cystitis.
Women with recurrent UTIs during pregnancy may require antibiotic prophylaxis. If the UTIs are thought to be related to sexual intercourse, a postcoital or bedtime dose of nitrofurantoin 50 mg may be appropriate. Cephalexin mg can also be used. Asymptomatic bacteriuria during pregnancy has been associated with an increased risk of pre-term delivery and low birth weight.
A urine culture should be used to screen for asymptomatic bacteriuria at 12 to 16 weeks gestation. It is recommended that all pregnant women who have confirmed asymptomatic bacteriuria are treated with antibiotics.
The choice of antibiotic can be guided by the known sensitivities, in the following order of preference: 1,8. All antibiotics should be given for seven days to ensure cure. A recent study found that a one day course of nitrofurantoin is less effective than a seven day course for treating asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women. It is then recommended that urine cultures are repeated regularly until delivery. Group B streptococcus: Even when treated, group B streptococcus bacteriuria is associated with heavy vaginal colonisation and therefore an increased risk of neonatal group B streptococcus disease.
Prophylaxis usually with penicillin G is given during delivery.
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