The Founders of Humanistic Psychology is the first historical and systematic presentation of humanistic psychology. It is also the only study that treats these five thinkers as a unit and places them in the context of history and systems of Western psychology. Roy Jose DeCarvalho begins with a discussion of the political institutions that brought this movement together: research facilities, grants, and intellectual stimulation via seminars, conferences, and journals.
Following chapters detail the shared views of these five founders with emphasis on the philosophical encounter of humanistic psychology with behaviorism, psychoanalysis, and existentialism. DeCarvalho also examines the impact that the neo-Freudians, Kurt Goldstein, and personality and Gestalt psychologies had on the conceptualization of their humanistic psychology.
The methodology, views on human nature, and the ethics of humanistic psychology are also discussed. Ending with a chronological bibliography of each founder of the movement, this book is a valuable research tool for humanistic psychologists, as well as graduate and undergraduate students.
Social workers and psychologists, as well as historians and philosophers of the social sciences, will also find this an indispensible source of information about the rise of the humanistic movement. He is best known for developing the psychotherapy method called client-centered therapy and as one of the founders of humanistic psychology. He was the fourth of six children and grew up in a deeply religious household.
He went to college at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, where he planned to study agriculture. However, he soon changed his focus to history and religion. It was there that his interests shifted to psychology. While he was still earning his Ph. He then spent several years in academia. He lectured at the University of Rochester from to and became a professor of clinical psychology at Ohio State University in In he moved to the University of Chicago as a professor of psychology and then to his undergraduate alma mater, the University of Wisconsin-Madison in In he wrote the book Counseling and Psychotherapy, where he proposed that therapists should seek to understand and accept their clients, because it is through such nonjudgmental acceptance that clients can begin to change and improve their well-being.
While he was at the University of Chicago, Rogers established a counseling center to study his therapy methods. He published the results of that research in the books Client-Centered Therapy in and Psychotherapy and Personality Change in It was during this time that his ideas started gaining influence in the field. Then, in while he was at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, he wrote one of his most well-known works, On Becoming a Person.
A few years later, in , he and some other staff members from the Institute opened the Center for Studies of the Person, where Rogers remained until his death in Just weeks after his 85 th birthday and shortly after he died, Rogers was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize. When Rogers started working as a psychologist, psychoanalysis and behaviorism were the reigning theories in the field.
Psychoanalysis attributed behavior to unconscious drives, while behaviorism pointed to biological drives and environmental reinforcement as the motivations for behavior. Death instincts reflect humankind's pessimism. Although behaviorism and psychoanalysis contributed to the understanding of human behavior, it did not include a holistic view of the individual.
Humanistic psychology emerged in the mids and complemented behaviorism andpsychoanalysis with its focus on the individual as a whole person. Select personalised content. Create a personalised content profile. Measure ad performance. Select basic ads. Create a personalised ads profile. Select personalised ads.
Apply market research to generate audience insights. Measure content performance. Develop and improve products. List of Partners vendors. Humanism is a philosophy that stresses the importance of human factors rather than looking at religious, divine, or spiritual matters. Humanism is rooted in the idea that people have an ethical responsibility to lead lives that are personally fulfilling while at the same time contributing to the greater good for all people.
Humanism stresses the importance of human values and dignity. It proposes that people can resolve problems through the use of science and reason.
Rather than looking to religious traditions, humanism instead focuses on helping people live well, achieve personal growth, and make the world a better place. The term "humanism" is often used more broadly, but it also has significance in a number of different fields including psychology. Humanistic psychology is a perspective that emphasizes looking at the whole individual and stresses concepts such as free will, self-efficacy, and self-actualization.
Rather than concentrating on dysfunction, humanistic psychology strives to help people fulfill their potential and maximize their well-being. This area of psychology emerged during the s as a reaction to psychoanalysis and behaviorism, which had dominated psychology during the first half of the century. Psychoanalysis was focused on understanding the unconscious motivations that drive behavior while behaviorism studied the conditioning processes that produce behavior.
Humanist thinkers felt that both psychoanalysis and behaviorism were too pessimistic, either focusing on the most tragic of emotions or failing to take into account the role of personal choice.
However, it is not necessary to think of these three schools of thought as competing elements. Each branch of psychology has contributed to our understanding of the human mind and behavior. Humanistic psychology added yet another dimension that takes a more holistic view of the individual.
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